Dry eye is a condition characterized by disruptions in the tear film, which can lead to symptoms such as burning, itching, watering, and blurred vision. The tear film can be affected by various factors, making dry eye a multifactorial disease. There are different types of dry eye, including aqueous deficient dry eye, evaporative dry eye, and mixed dry eye.
Symptoms of dry eye include a sensation of something in the eye, burning or stinging, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and mucus discharge. Watery eyes can also be a symptom of dry eye, as the lacrimal glands try to compensate for the insufficient oil production by producing more watery tears. Risk factors for dry eye include age, environmental and lifestyle factors (such as screen time and smoking), certain medications, medical conditions, and previous eye surgeries.
Diagnosis of dry eye involves various tests, such as a slit lamp exam, Schirmer’s test, and tear breakup time (TBUT) test. Treatment options for dry eye depend on the severity and can include the use of artificial tears and lubricating eye drops, lacrimal plugs to reduce tear loss, medications like cyclosporine and corticosteroid eye drops, and surgery to close the drainage holes in the inner corners of the eyes. Home care measures such as using a humidifier and limiting contact lens use and screen time can also help manage dry eye symptoms.